Commissioned to herald Birmingham’s abundant natural and human resources as Alabama’s exhibit at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis (the “St. Louis World’s Fair”), Vulcan has stood tall as a unique product of its environment for well over a century. Made of iron dug from the mountain on which he stands and refined in a local furnace, the 56-foot-tall icon of Birmingham holds not a torch, but a spearpoint he has just hammered out on his huge anvil.
As conceived and sculpted by Italian immigrant/artist, Giuseppe Moretti, Birmingham’s Vulcan was inspired the useful “god of the forge,” who made weapons, tools, and furniture for other gods in the Roman pantheon. Moretti portrayed Vulcan holding up a new spearpoint – to make sure his work is straight and true. A worthy metaphor for a city working to shape a meaningful future for its citizens who may not always agree on the path forward, but who are best served by looking to the future – together.
Vulcan has not always stood so tall or loomed so large over his native city. After claiming the “Grand Prize” at the Palace of Mining and Mineralogy in St. Louis in 1904, where he reigned literally head and shoulders above all the other exhibits, Vulcan didn’t even have what an earlier generation described as “care fare home.” The city fathers had raised funds for his casting and citizens paid $2.00 for small replicas to cover his transportation to the Fair, but no funds remained to bring him back to Birmingham.
San Francisco wanted to buy him, an international exhibition in Portland wanted to feature him, but Birmingham leaders wanted to bring him home. In a gesture of good will, L&N Railroad offered to transport Vulcan free of charge, which it did. But with no place or funding to re-erect the 56-foot-tall iron statue, Vulcan found himself dumped beside the railroad tracks, where he would remain for years before being re-erected at the Alabama State Fairgrounds.
In the 1930’s, Vulcan Park was created atop Red Mountain as a WPA project, and the statue was elevated to a 126-foot pedestal overlooking the city. In the 1990s, the statue, which had been experiencing structural issues for years, was taken down and completely restored. And Vulcan Park was expanded to include a museum celebrating the statue’s and the city’s history – including the turbulent 1960s, when members of the Ku Klux Klan bombed the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, killing four little girls attending Sunday School.
The Museum’s permanent exhibit covers both struggles and aspirations. Its continuing series of educational offerings and special exhibits document historic issues, from voting rights to women’s rights to worker rights. And its special events bring Birmingham citizens together at the foot of the statue for plays, concerts, and celebrations, as well as thoughtful discussions about the community’s needs.
Vulcan has been truly embraced by the broader community, and “Vulcan-ing,” which means assuming Vulcan’s pose and pointing up toward the sky, has become a fun sign of support for the city and its abiding icon.